Outdoor seating, a common feature in urban landscapes, can significantly influence underground thermal energy storage (UTES) systems. The presence of seating areas, especially those made of heat-absorbing materials like concrete or metal, alters surface temperatures and heat exchange with the ground.

During sunny days, outdoor seating absorbs solar radiation, increasing localized ground temperatures. This excess heat can penetrate subsurface layers, affecting the efficiency of UTES systems designed to store and regulate thermal energy. Conversely, shaded or insulated seating may reduce heat transfer, stabilizing underground temperatures.

Urban planners must consider seating placement and materials to minimize thermal interference with UTES. Sustainable designs, such as permeable pavements or reflective coatings, can mitigate adverse effects while maintaining comfort. Understanding this relationship is crucial for optimizing energy efficiency in smart cities.